A simple guide to Autumn Budget 2021
This is a basic guide, prepared by ACCA’s Technical Advisory team, for members and their colleagues or clients. It’s an introduction only and should not be used as a definitive guide since individual circumstances may vary. Specific advice should be obtained, where necessary.
The message from the Chancellor was we are entering a ‘post covid age of optimism’.
You can read the individual measures below.
Rates and allowances
|
|
2022/23 |
2021/22 |
|
Income tax rates (non-dividend income) |
||
|
0% lower rate tax – savings rate only |
Up to £5,000 |
Up to £5,000 |
|
20% basic rate tax |
£12,571 to £50,270 |
£12,571 to £50,270 |
|
40% higher rate tax |
£50,271 to £150,000 |
£50,271 to £150,000 |
|
45% additional rate tax |
Above £150,000 |
Above £150,000 |
|
Scottish income tax rates (non-dividend income) * |
||
|
19% starting rate tax |
£12,571 to £14,667 |
£12,571 to £14,667 |
|
20% basic rate tax |
£14,668 to £25,296 |
£14,668 to £25,296 |
|
21% intermediate rate tax |
£25,297 to £43,662 |
£25,297 to £43,662 |
|
41% higher rate tax |
£43,663 to £150,000 |
£43,663 to £150,000 |
|
46% top rate |
Above £150,000 |
Above £150,000 |
|
Personal allowance |
||
|
Personal allowance |
£12,570 |
£12,570 |
|
* Scottish income tax bands are subject to change in the Scottish Budget due to be published on 9 December 2021. The guide will be updated in due course. |
||
National Insurance
From April 2022 the rate of National Insurance contributions across all classes (except class 2 and 3) will change for one year. The amount of the contribution will increase by 1.25% which will be spent on the NHS and social care across the UK.
This increase in National Insurance contributions will apply to:
- Class 1 (paid by employees)
- Class 4 (paid by self-employed)
- secondary Class 1, 1A and 1B (paid by employers).
Employers will only pay on earnings above the secondary threshold.
|
NI Category |
2022-23 |
2021-22 |
|
Employee’s primary class 1 rate between primary threshold and upper earnings limit |
13.25% |
12% |
|
Employee’s primary class 1 rate above upper earnings limit |
3.25% |
2% |
|
Employer's secondary class 1 rate above secondary threshold |
15.05% |
13.80% |
|
Class 4 rate between lower profits limit and upper profits limit |
10.25% |
9.00% |
|
Class 4 rate above upper profits limit |
3.25% |
2.00% |
Pensions
With effect from 6 April 2028 the earliest age at which most pension savers can access their pensions without incurring an unauthorised payments tax charge will increase from 55 to 57.
Capital gains tax annual exempt amount (after personal allowance)
These are frozen at £12,300 for individuals and £6,150 for trusts.
Capital Gains Tax (CGT): property payment window
From 27 October 2021 the deadline for residents and non-residents to report and pay CGT after selling UK residential property increases from 30 days after the completion date to 60 days. This will be a welcome measure for taxpayers, giving them sufficient time to report and pay CGT.
Dividend allowance
The tax-free dividend allowance is unchanged at £2,000. The dividend tax rates are increased by 1.25% for each category of taxpayers for 2022 -23.
|
Dividend tax rates |
2022-23 |
2021-22 |
|
Dividend ordinary rate (for dividends within basic rate band) |
8.75% |
7.50% |
|
Dividend upper rate (for dividends within higher rate band) |
33.75% |
32.50% |
|
Dividend additional rate (for dividends above higher rate band) |
39.35% |
38.10% |
Directors loan accounts s.455 rate will also increase from April 2022, from 32.5% to 33.75%.
Corporation tax
The corporation tax rate will remain at 19% but from April 2023 the applicable corporation tax rates will be 19% and 25%. Businesses with profits of £50,000 or below will still only have to pay 19% under the small profits rate.
Enhanced capital allowances: super deduction
This introduces increased reliefs for expenditure on plant and machinery. For qualifying expenditures incurred from 1 April 2021 up to and including 31 March 2023, companies can claim in the period of investment:
- a super-deduction providing allowances of 130% on most new plant and machinery investments that ordinarily qualify for 18% main-rate writing-down allowances
- a first-year allowance of 50% on most new plant and machinery investments that ordinarily qualify for 6% special rate writing down allowances
Annual Investment Allowance (AIA)
Annual Investment Allowance of £1m was due to end by December 2021. This will now be extended until 31 March 2023. Businesses will therefore have longer to consider bringing forward capital investments of between £200,000 and £1m, accessing upfront support by claiming tax relief on such costs in the year of investment.
Rates
Business rates in England will move to a more frequent revaluation cycle of every three years from 2023. A new temporary relief of 50% (up to £110,000) will be introduced for retail, hospitality and leisure properties in 2022/23. The rate multiplier will also be frozen for 2022/23.
Multipliers, revaluations and reliefs for the devolved nations remain subject to policy decisions by devolved governments.
From 2023 a new rates investment relief will be available to ensure qualifying property improvements do not result in a higher rates liability for a year following improvements, to support investments in green technologies, improvements to productivity and expansion of premises.
Recovery Loan Scheme
The Recovery Loan Scheme is extended six months until 30 June 2022 for small and medium sized enterprises and from 1 January capped at a finance level of £2m per business with the government guarantee reducing to 70%.
Apprenticeship funding
In England, the government will continue to meet 95% of the apprenticeship training cost for employers who do not pay the Apprenticeship Levy. The £3,000 apprenticeship hiring incentive payment (per new hire) has been extended four months to 31 January 2022.
In Wales, apprenticeships are funded by the Welsh government, and apprenticeship incentive payments ranging from £1,500 – £4000 are available until 28 February 2022.
In Scotland, the type of funding you can access will depend on the type of apprenticeship. Additionally, the Adopt an Apprentice scheme provides employers with £5,000 for employing a redundant apprentice.
Making Tax Digital (MTD)
MTD for ITSA will be introduced from 6 April 2024. This impacts sole traders and landlords, with income over £10,000. General partnerships will not be required to join MTD for ITSA until 6 April 2025.
VAT
|
VAT |
2022/23 |
2021/22 |
|
Standard rate |
20% |
20% |
|
Registration threshold |
£85,000 |
£85,000 |
|
Deregistration threshold |
£83,000 |
£83,000 |
The VAT registration and deregistration thresholds will not change for a further period of two years from 1 April 2022.
The reduced rate of VAT of 12.5% ends on 31 March 2022 for the hospitality sector returning to the standard rate of VAT of 20% from 1 April 2022.
Self-Employment Income Support Scheme (SEISS) and other support
The amounts received through the support schemes are taxable income and is required as a separate entry on tax returns.
Losses
Trading losses will have more flexibility to carry them back over three years. This applies only for losses incurred by companies for accounting periods ending between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2022, and for individual for trade losses of tax years 2020/21 and 2021/22.
Cross-Border Group Relief (CBGR) and other related loss reliefs have been removed from 27 October 2021.
Entrepreneurs’ relief
The lifetime limit on gains eligible for entrepreneurs’ relief is £1m for qualifying disposals.
Employment allowance reform
The allowance is £4,000 but continues to be limited to employers with an employer NIC bill below £100,000 in the previous tax year.
R&D
SMEs applying for R&D tax credits will be eligible to a maximum of £20,000 in repayments per year plus three times the company’s total PAYE and NIC liability.
Inheritance tax (IHT)
The nil-rate band remains at £325,000 frozen until 2026. The residence nil-rate band for deaths in the following tax years are:
- £100,000 in 2017/18
- £125,000 in 2018/19
- £150,000 in 2019/20
- £175,000 in 2020/21
- £175,000 in 2021/22 and subsequent tax years to 2026.
Powers
HMRC will have new powers relating to offshore tax avoidance schemes, allowing them to target the UK based entities which act as go-betweens. The rules would allow HMRC to impose additional penalties on UK facilitators, apply to the courts for freezing orders to prevent funds being dissipated and for winding up orders against companies or partnerships ‘operating against the public interest’. The rules also create a power to name promoters and share the details of their schemes. Although the powers would not come into force until Royal Assent, they can be used in respect of evidence or activities predating Assent.
New powers will also allow HM Treasury to make temporary modifications to support taxpayers in the event of a disaster or emergency of national significance including exempting benefits in kind and specified reimbursements or providing relief for specified expenses.
Time to pay
Taxpayers can set up a payment plan online via GOV.UK.
Pensions
The pension lifetime allowance will remain at its current level of £1,073,100 until April 2026.
Interest relief for landlords
Landlords will be able to obtain relief as follows:
Finance cost allowed in full Finance cost allowed at basic rate
Year to 5 April 2020 25% 75%
Year to 5 April 2021 0% 100%
Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT)
As previously announced, non-UK residents are to pay 2% surcharge SDLT on residential property purchases from April 2021.
The SDLT nil-rate band of £500,000 for residential property purchases in England and Northern Ireland was implemented from 8 July 2020 to originally end on 31 March 2021. This was subsequently extended to June 2021, reducing to £250,000 from July to September and reverting to £125,000 from October 2021.
Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED)
The ATED charge increases automatically each year in line with inflation (based on the previous September’s Consumer Prices Index).
|
Annual tax on enveloped dwellings (ATED) |
2022/23 |
|
2021/22 |
|
More than £0.5m but not more than £1m |
£3,800 |
|
£3,700 |
|
More than £1m but not more than £2m |
£7,700 |
|
£7,500 |
|
More than £2m but not more than £5m |
£26,050 |
|
£25,300 |
|
More than £5m but not more than £10m |
£60,900 |
|
£59,100 |
|
More than £10m but not more than £20m |
£122,250 |
|
£118,600 |
|
More than £20m |
£244,750 |
|
£237,400 |
October 2021
ACCA LEGAL NOTICE
This is a basic guide prepared by ACCA UK's Technical Advisory Service for members and their clients. It should not be used as a definitive guide since individual circumstances may vary. Specific advice should be obtained, where necessary.
Archive budget summaries;
Proprietor : Ian Carter FCCA
Member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
25 Oak Grove, Horsford, Norfolk, NR10 3DR